Tuesday, July 30, 2013

18 July 1859

18. Very wet and stormy. One of the passengers died today; his body was enclosed in a coffin, and a quantity of iron etc along with it to make it sink. The parson read the funeral service, and when he came to the words "and commit his body to the deep," the coffin was slid down a couple of planks into the sea, when, horrible to relate, the coffin broke, and the body became quite visible, and parted from the coffin. There was a heavy sea running, and the ship rushed on, leaving part of the coffin and the corpse swimming on the surface.
Our Voyage to New Zealand Per the Tornado (by a Glasgow Emigrant) Glasgow Herald December 19, 1859


July 18th. A dull morning after a rough night. The sea rolls heavy and the wind blowing so strong that we could not have much sail out. At breakfast time it was better for about an hour and then we had it as bad as ever with slight intermissions through the day. It is said that these are land squalls and that we should have better weather if we were more out to sea. It is rumored that we were near land both last night and this morning but not visible. A sail or two appeared this forenoon but was soon shut from our sight by the dense rain which fell in torrents. Today we were near having a mutiny raised against the captain for keeping so much inland as we are in danger of being blown on shore and as no honest (?) information is given explanatory of our position or the cause to which it is attributable, considerable fear and suspicion has been excited in the minds of the passengers generally on this account and we think have been very much strengthened by our captain not speaking with ships we have passed. Two or three of which was so near that he could have done so and why he has not spoken with them has not been explained. Therefore on account of these things some have surmised that the captain must be ashamed of being seen so far out of his course. An elderly man who was a passenger in the second cabin died in the morning about ten o'clock and his remains was nailed up and committed to the deep this afternoon about four o'clock. The clergyman read a service over the corpse after which the tars launched it on the troubled waves and some old iron having been put into the temporary coffin to sink it to the bottom, broke it as soon as it touched the waves, exposing part of the body and somewhat startling the feelings of many who like myself were collected for the first time to witness the burial of a fellow mortal in waves of the greedy sea. The man spoken of only lay about 10 days ill. I am told his name was Mason and that he was a married man and that he came from Maclesfield. He was near 60 and it is said that he had near an hundred pounds which together with his box he left in charge of the purser (or storekeeper). I am told that his wife was much troubled about his coming nor would it comfort her in her bereavement did she but know that on his coming on board he made the worst drinkers his companions and drank hard himself and after his private stock of drink was exhausted , I have seen him get a stock overnight so that he might not have to wait until the store was open. Had he been a sober man I am inclined to think he would not have died at this time. This is another stuck down by the murderous habit of drinking and how awful to think that no drunkard shall enter the kingdom of heaven. How clearly it his proved that a companion of fools shall be destroyed. No (?) his such a fool has the poor drunkard.
Booth, Thomas. Papers, 1857 - 1859. Auckland War Memorial Museum Library. MS 2002/56.

17 July 1859

July 17th. Sabbath. A very fine morning and a moderate breeze which improved very much in the afterpart of the day with occasional squalls and much worse at bed time. His Rev. The churchman held service this morning but nothing after as expect on account of the heavy weather which continued all day rendering it impractical for us also. About noon a sail was seen at a distance bending for America.
Booth, Thomas. Papers, 1857 - 1859. Auckland War Memorial Museum Library. MS 2002/56.

Sunday, July 28, 2013

16 July 1859

We passed close to the reef the next day; it has a very dangerous appearance in the light, is about five miles long, and has a building on it commemorative of the loss of one of the East India Company's vessels (the George IV), which laden with passengers, was wrecked upon it and only a very few of its crew and passengers saved.
Our Voyage to New Zealand Per the Tornado (by a Glasgow Emigrant) Glasgow Herald December 19, 1859


July 16. Saturday. This morning the deck reminded one of the Exchange flags, and the sole topic is the proceedings of last night. The rocks on which we were so nearly on were the “Rocus Reefs” coast of South America. Today at 12 we passed them again.
  Campbell, Alexander. Letters and papers, 1859 - 1870. Auckland War Memorial Museum Library. MS 50

July 16th. A fine morning after a very eventful night. About midnight there was a strange bustle on the main deck and a cry of LAND AHEAD, BREAKERS AHEAD, we shall be on them in five minutes was confusedly uttered by many voices and at once the whole ship was one scene of mild confusion. Some dressed, others half dressed and many in their nightclothes were seen making to the main deck to prove the truth of the above statements just made (viz Breakers Ahead) and truth more ghastly we never seen. Though the weather had been dull god had given us a fine night and the full clear moon showed the bleached heads of a massive reef of rocks standing out above the sea against which the white spray could be seen dashing and foaming with awful force. To us it was indescribably awful. It had been said several times lately that the sight of land would be quite a treat but how mistaken. The sight was terrible in the extreme. To think that in a few minutes it might be to us and our families and a great host of prayerless sinners the very jaws of death. The captain (who it is said was drunk in bed) came on deck and I suppose he thought there was no chance of escape ordered the ship to be put round head foremost on the rocks but the chief mate (who is a thoughtful and clever seaman) countermanded his orders and no sooner had he given the word than the crew and passengers fell to the ropes and the ship literally spun around. We appeared so near the rocks that she was expected every moment to strike but life and death before us amid hopes and fears, the greatest possible effort was made and away we went back again to sea and passed in sight of the rocks today about ten o'clock but very little could be seen even by the aid of the glass. It is Cape St. Rogue coast of Brazil, South America. Nearly all appeared to own god's hand in our deliverance. May we all be more mindful of devine goodness saying with David praise The Lord o my soul and forget not all his benefits.
Booth, Thomas. Papers, 1857 - 1859. Auckland War Memorial Museum Library. MS 2002/56.

15 July 1859

July 15 - Between eleven and twelve at night a tremendous uproar on deck awoke me, and on running up to see what was wrong, saw a line of breakers right ahead, and only some fifty yards distant. The ship was immediately put about, every one lending a hand at the ropes, and we got clear off all safe. Had the breakers been but a few minutes longer in being observed, or the ship refused to go about in stays, or, in fact, had the slightest accident occurred, we would have certainly been wrecked. The reef is called Roccas and is situated off the Brazilan coast, between it and the island of Fernando Navarha. The captain said he thought we had been from 25 to 30 miles to the east of it.
Our Voyage to New Zealand Per the Tornado (by a Glasgow Emigrant) Glasgow Herald December 19, 1859

July 15. Head wind. Ship tacking. Between 11 & 12 o’clock evening great consternation and cry of “breakers” ahead - ship making right for them and running about 9 knots. Ship at this time going before the wind. I had gone to bed and was awakened by the cry of “breakers” and the noise and confusion above and below. I ran with my trousers and made for the deck, I looked at the side of the ship and saw the breakers - the confusion among the passengers was fearful. I heard the mate say “The ship is about, thank God”. Notwithstanding the passengers continued to arrive on deck many preparing to meet the worst. It was the Captain and second mate’s watch when this happened. I went on the poop and looked from the stern and saw that the breakers were now behind us and I took courage then. Mr Crocker was on the poop and he told me to go down to the saloon and tell Mrs C. I went and found her with the baby in her arms - the other children she had not awoke as she remarked if it was the will of Providence to send us to a watery grave, their sufferings might be lessened if overtaken in sleep. I was glad to tell that danger for the present was passed. Other passengers I saw in the saloon were much alarmed. One was holding a white sheet when I went in to roll his youngest in before parting with it. The danger apparently being over, I went below.
 Campbell, Alexander. Letters and papers, 1859 - 1870. Auckland War Memorial Museum Library. MS 50

15th. A very dull morning and frequent showers during the forenoon but fine after dinner. Very little progress today. The wind dropped just as we hoisted the fore top sail yard arm and remained calm until it was in its place and by the time the sail was ready we had a cheerful breeze. I am glad to say that throughout these breaks and repairs not so much as a trap (?) as been received by any person on board. We sighted a barque of which we thought all was not well as she appeared unmanageable.
Booth, Thomas. Papers, 1857 - 1859. Auckland War Memorial Museum Library. MS 2002/56.

14 July 1859


July 14. Last night lost jiboom and 6 sails in a gale. Ship in a bad state this morning.
Campbell, Alexander. Letters and papers, 1859 - 1870. Auckland War Memorial Museum Library. MS 50


14th. A dull morning but fine most of the day. A squall came on after tea. It did not last long and after it and after it was very moonlight. All the seamen have been busy repairing the broken tackle. After dinner a small Barque appeared at our stern and after tea she some along side but could not be spoken with the wind being too strong and our sails in such a mangled state that we had to see ourselves left behind for the first time in our long journey. She did not appear to have passengers on board but we observed the spray washing over her frequently both fore and aft.
Booth, Thomas. Papers, 1857 - 1859. Auckland War Memorial Museum Library. MS 2002/56.

13 July 1859

 July 13 - The ship was struck this morning by a sudden squall, which carried away the foretopgallant mast and the jibboom. It was about 8 days before the damage could be repaired.
Our Voyage to New Zealand Per the Tornado (by a Glasgow Emigrant) Glasgow Herald December 19, 1859

July 13. Came into the SE trade winds - was under the necessity of tacking much. South American coast often seen.
Campbell, Alexander. Letters and papers, 1859 - 1870. Auckland War Memorial Museum Library. MS 50

13th. A fine morning but a strange scene. The ship having been overtaken by a sharp squall shortly after midnight and broken her gibb boom fore top sail yard arm and torn down the gallant mast and and sail. This made quite a wreck in the fore rigging and very greatly impeded our progress.
Booth, Thomas. Papers, 1857 - 1859. Auckland War Memorial Museum Library. MS 2002/56.

12 July 1859

We were accordingly visited next day by his majesty, who, with his suits, came on board as promised. The two stowaways and two of the sailors who had never crossed the line before were brought before him one by one, and examined as to the place of their nativity etc. Whenever they attempted to speak a brush with tar on it was shoved into their mouths. They were then shaved by his barber with a piece of rough iron hoop, physicked by his surgeon, and at last soused oeverhead in a tub of water, after which they were pronounced true sons of Neptune. One or two of the passengers, desirous of acting a part in such a distinguished drama, went voluntarily forward and submitted to be tarred, shaved etc. The whole affair was certainly very ludicrous, and reminded be much of a scene in the pantomime.
Our Voyage to New Zealand Per the Tornado (by a Glasgow Emigrant) Glasgow Herald December 19, 1859


July 12. Preparations for Neptune’s visit (for the account of the ceremony which caused a good deal of fun and amusement see my diary).
Campbell, Alexander. Letters and papers, 1859 - 1870. Auckland War Memorial Museum Library. MS 50


12th. Making only moderate progress. Still fine weather though perhaps not the most healthy but we expect a change soon. A custom is kept by some seamen of shaving those of the crew who have not passed the line before. It commenced nearly as follows. One of the sailors was drafted to represent what is superstitiously called Neptune the god of the seas. A tar tub is set on fire and put overboard to represent Neptune’s ship. The Neptune comes on board with his wife, doctor, barber and staff of men. They parade the ship headed with mud and at some fixed place the shaving stand is fixed. A seat is placed by the doctor. Medicine is prescribed then he is soaped well with grease and tar and then scraped with a hoop iron razor. His seat is next taken from under him and he falls backwards into the water and after a few ducks overheard they call him finished. A dinner was given to the sailors and paid for by a voluntary subscription amongst the passengers in which sout fie pounds was raised. See what zeal manifested by these sons of Belial to maintain a silly useless and expensive custom which is ever pregnant with (..illegible) results both of a moral and spiritual character.
Booth, Thomas. Papers, 1857 - 1859. Auckland War Memorial Museum Library. MS 2002/56.

11 July 1859

We crossed the line on Monday the 11th July, in long - In the evening Neptune sent notice that he would come on board "tomorrow" and see what new subjects of his were on board.
Our Voyage to New Zealand Per the Tornado (by a Glasgow Emigrant) Glasgow Herald December 19, 1859

July 11. Crossed the line. In the evening hailed Neptune.
Campbell, Alexander. Letters and papers, 1859 - 1870. Auckland War Memorial Museum Library. MS 50.

11th. Very fine morning. The breeze continues good making our circumstances more cool and pleasant. I am told the ship has made this part of our voyage quicker by about ten days than when she last passed this way to Melbourne and I cannot hear any seaman on board that ever crossed this part of the ocean with so good a breeze. This is a great favour to have such a wind in this hot region. We crossed the equatorial line about 8 o'clock this morning. And about 12 at noon a squall was seen coming on the wings of the wind like sweeping thunderstorm. Every man was ordered to his post when the first and second mate and the Boatswain there stood watching the storm in what way it was likely to attack the ship. So that in case of danger and tackle might be altered or removed at pleasure. It came upon us rather fiercely and spent its rage in a few minutes but tore down the fore gibb sail almost as sudden as gunshot. The wind then sank down for a few minutes as if exhausted in the past struggle. And while all was still the cocks began to crow as if we were about the begin the day over again.
Booth, Thomas. Papers, 1857 - 1859. Auckland War Memorial Museum Library. MS 2002/56.

10 July 1859

10th The Sabbath comes again with a fine morning. We are sailing at a good rate with a strong and steady side wind which keeps the ship on her beam ends so that her deck is quite steep and our table and bed are all on one side. The clergyman held his services twice but they create no interest. We could not raise a class some of our friends rather sickly. In the evening I was expected to speak but the wind was so high it was thought I could not make them hear. We sighted the sail of a barque this afternoon and passed her at some miles distance and she disappeared before sunset. We sail splendid this evening full twelve knots per hour. It is called the best bit we have had. And although the breeze is so strong it is not cold and the sea is very calm. The sparkling and luminous appearance of the spray has often been remarked during the voyage. Tonight exceeds all we have been before as it foams and hops(?) along in the splendid moonlight almost bright enough to reflect a shadow. It resembles boiling metal the most of anything I can remember. It is worth sitting up at night to admire its features so resplendent with a glory which like the residue of creations vast panorama excites our wonder and admiration but beggars words and defies all our abilities to describe its magnificence and awful grandeur.
Booth, Thomas. Papers, 1857 - 1859. Auckland War Memorial Museum Library. MS 2002/56.

9 July 1859

July 9 - Fell in with a brig, The Rigby of Liverpool, bound for Perambuco with fish. She hailed us and asked for the doctor, her captain being dangerously ill. The doctor went off as requested, and returned in about three hours.
Our Voyage to New Zealand Per the Tornado (by a Glasgow Emigrant) Glasgow Herald December 19, 1859


July 9. Head wind.in the evening hailed the brig “Chelsea” from Newfoundland to Pernnumbuco - her captain dangerously ill, a request was made for our Doctor to be sent off. The mate and 4 sailors with the Doctor went in a boat. On their return our mate mentioned that the Captain of the Chelsea was a young man - his first voyage as Captain - that our doctor had bled him and recommended some nutritious food - sago, arrowroot etc. but he had none on board and was willing to buy some from our ship. They all expected the Captain would allow the boat to return with the medical comforts as we had plenty but he ordered our sailors to set sail and made off - shameful.
Campbell, Alexander. Letters and papers, 1859 - 1870. Auckland War Memorial Museum Library. MS 50.


9th. A beautiful morning. The breeze moderate all day and improved a little after sunset. About five this afternoon a brig came in sight apparently homeward bound but soon she was observed to bear down towards our course and hoisted a light to gain attention. This roused all on deck that could get. She gave us the usual salute to which our captain responded enquiring who she was and whither bound. She answered by stating she was a Liverpool ship laden with fish from Newfoundland to Brazil South America. He captain was very ill and she begged the attendance of our doctor who was immediately sent in a small boat manned by four sailors, the chief mate and the doctor with his medicine chest. Our sails were turned to stop the ship and wait for their return. We were all anxious to hear about the sick captain and when the boat returned we were told that the poor man was suffering from inflation and desired a little sago and arrowroot. But our captain said he had none to spare and on we went leaving the lonely sufferer in the distance like a speck on the moonlit sea to the mercy of our Gracious God whose supplies never fail and whose help is never denied.
Booth, Thomas. Papers, 1857 - 1859. Auckland War Memorial Museum Library. MS 2002/56.

8 July 1859

July 8. Saw two sharks. Subscription for games which was competed for by the sailors and cockfighting, picking potatoes, ducking for money etc.
Campbell, Alexander. Letters and papers, 1859 - 1870. Auckland War Memorial Museum Library. MS 50.

8th. A fine morning but a head wind but some of us are glad of a wind from any quarter to moderate the heat of this oppressive climate. A large number of flying fish were seen very near us and some young porpuses came under the fore bows of the ship. Some attempt was made to harpoon them and it is said that one was struck but not deep enough to hold it. By fine moonlight tonight a sail appeared at about a mile distance. Here although hot weather and day and night nearly equal, the moon and stars shine as bright as if it was winter. Four particular stars invisible in England have just come to view. Their appearance is nearly in the shape of a diamond and are called the Southern Cross. These appear in the lower part of the Southern Hemisphere.
Booth, Thomas. Papers, 1857 - 1859. Auckland War Memorial Museum Library. MS 2002/56.

7 July 1859

7th. Rather dull this morning with occasional squalls and a head wind called South East Trades just commencing. After breakfast a brigg came in sight apparently homeward bound (but not near us) and soon disappeared with a fair wind. A large number of birds appeared ahead which disappeared by alighting on the water. This morning in putting the ship round our rudder chain broke but it was soon replaced again. We had indications of this change of weather last night by the appearance of sheet lightening at a distance and a storm but not very heavy. Thunder like other things that compose god's vast treasury of wonders is full of grandeur both awful and sublime. This morning we see our ship with only about half the canvas hitherto carried.
Booth, Thomas. Papers, 1857 - 1859. Auckland War Memorial Museum Library. MS 2002/56.

6 July 1859

July 6. Head wind. Rough sea. Saw the “Southern Cross” for the first time. Lost the rudder chains.
Campbell, Alexander. Letters and papers, 1859 - 1870. Auckland War Memorial Museum Library. MS 50.

6th. A fine morning, the breeze rather light but in the right quite near course I am told. The ships sighted yesterday have disappeared at our stern as all others have done since we first set out. Some fine fish appeared under the ships bows called the Bonita but none caught. We have passed under the sun where there was no shadow and now it is just appearing in an opposite direction to what it has been and as we approach the Equator day and night are about equal here.
Booth, Thomas. Papers, 1857 - 1859. Auckland War Memorial Museum Library. MS 2002/56.

Saturday, July 27, 2013

5 July 1859

July 5. Weather still fine - heat intense. The nautillus common in these latitudes, to be seen around the ship: it is a small fish by some termed “Portugese Man O’War”, which swims on the surface with a little sail which it can raise or depress at pleasure.
Campbell, Alexander. Letters and papers, 1859 - 1870. Auckland War Memorial Museum Library. MS 50.

5th. The weather is fine this morning but a head wind so we have to tack about right and left like an overloaded animal crossing about to get up a hill but make little progress. We sighted two sails but at a distance. Some large flag fish were seen rolling like horses.
Booth, Thomas. Papers, 1857 - 1859. Auckland War Memorial Museum Library. MS 2002/56.

4 July 1859

Next evening [4 July] there was another collision between the captain and one of the passengers. During tea in the first cabin, several parties were walking on the quarter-deck and the tramp of their feet had rather annoyed some of the exquisites below. The captain, to oblige them, sent up his compliments, with a request that the walking might be stopped until tea was over. This request one or two refused to comply with. When the captain came up he took them to task about it, and one of them (an Irishman) said he had a right to walk on the quarter-deck when he thought proper, as he had agreed with Messrs. Wilson and Chambers for that privilege.
Our Voyage to New Zealand Per the Tornado (by a Glasgow Emigrant) Glasgow Herald December 19, 1859


July 4. Divine service as usual. Well attended outward attention to the Sabbath in respect to cleanliness and dress much observed.after the forenoon service the children were taken a walk on the poop. Mary Crocker was looking down the ventilator from the intermediate - over balanced herself and fell on the table below, a distance of 20 feet. She was picked up soon and brought to her Mother. The Doctor ordered her to be put in a warm bath and afterwards it could be ascertained if she was internally injured as there was not outward damage done. Fortunately it was afterwards found that she was none the worse for the fall, whilst every person wondered she was not almost killed by such an accident.
 Campbell, Alexander. Letters and papers, 1859 - 1870. Auckland War Memorial Museum Library. MS 50.

4th. The morning is fine but the wind not so favourable, taking us too much to the west. After dinner the cry of sail was heard. From two quarters they are almost like two houses behind the hill as we can see the upper part of their rigging first and the other as we come nearer. I hear it whispered today that in the recent disturbance between the captain and mate, the ship was put in a wrong course (the captain being drunk at the time) and report says we are about a day's sail from South America. (I hear we have made 3,300 and 60 miles).
Booth, Thomas. Papers, 1857 - 1859. Auckland War Memorial Museum Library. MS 2002/56.

3 July 1859

July 3 - Awakened about eight bells (midnight) by a great uproar on deck. Got up and found it to proceed from the sailors, who had come aft in a body to get their grievances redressed by the captain. The complained of having too much work and getting too little food. They said they would not work any more unless they got more and better food and watch and watch [sic]. The captain ordered them off, and told them to come to him during the day with their complaints. They were after a whilw induced to go away, principally by the exertions of the first mate, who the captain blamed (wrongly, I think) for setting them on. Some of the passengers very foolishly interfered in the quarrel, for on the captain and mate having some words, one of them called out "Three cheers for the first mate" which were duly given. When the captain remonstrated with them for such conduct another called out, "Throw the b___ overboard." The purser then came out, and after considerable exertions managed to get them below, where the was much excitement, some going so far as to say that the captain should be deposed and the mate put in his place. The captain here came down and asked what they had to complain of. After a great deal of talk not much to the point, the captain said he could assure them, that if they would bring a case before him of anything wrong, he would do all he could to rectify it, at the same time saying that it was not in his power to interfere much with them or ill use them in any way, as he had the Act of Parliament to walk up to.
Our Voyage to New Zealand Per the Tornado (by a Glasgow Emigrant) Glasgow Herald December 19, 1859

3rd. This is a fine sabbath morning. The clouds o'erspread the skies to shield us from the heat and a nice breeze with its fanning wings makes our position more pleasant than it has been. The special favors bestowed on our voyage we are not backward to say either in private or public are attributed by us to a praying people and a prayer answering god. We held our class but as our singing was complained of we had reading in the 6th of Romans and the 91 psalm and a fellowships meeting which was acknowledged to be good. The churchman held his morning service on the poop or quarter deck amongst the gents. Poor attendance. He gave the second edition after dinner on the main deck. Worse attendance. In the evening Bro. Manners spoke from Corinthians now are we ambassadors for Christ in which he contrasted the literal and spiritual ambassadors, showed up some of the advantages of reconciliation, explained the terms on which it is proposed and their practicality and urged all to embrace them. Several found great fault with Hayter being so fast as a clarke (?) but in reference to the sermon, some saw one from him was worth more than ten from the clerical man. About noon today a sail appeared in sight and being the first for the last ten days. It caused quite a stir.
Booth, Thomas. Papers, 1857 - 1859. Auckland War Memorial Museum Library. MS 2002/56.

2 July 1859

July 2. Ship making little progress. Weather excessive hot. We often observed great numbers of flying fish - they resemble a herring but have wings and fly especially when pursued by the “Bonito” a fish as large as a grilse a few yards above the water like birds. One flew on the deck and was caught by one of the sailors who cooked it for his lunch.
Campbell, Alexander. Letters and papers, 1859 - 1870. Auckland War Memorial Museum Library. MS 50

July 2nd. A splendid morning with a nice cooling breeze which feels very agreeable as we turn out from our berths. Sometime about midnight some disturbance arose between the captain and his men, it is said of a very disgraceful character. This region is noted on account of calms that prevail between the expiration of the North East and the beginning of the South East trade winds which sometimes detain ships for a week or two. Last week I forgot to note the captain's abuse to the chief mate. He is a quarreling fiend always serpent like, curling up and hissing and spitting his venom at someone. The breeze awoke up after sunset and at bedtime we were going at a cheerful rate.
Booth, Thomas. Papers, 1857 - 1859. Auckland War Memorial Museum Library. MS 2002/56

1 July 1859

July 1. Very calm and HOT. Umbrella useful. Two boats filled with passengers - they pulled out about a mile from the ship and the greater part of them bathed. Saw frequently large shoals of immense porpoises which jumped in groups several feet above the surface and played all sorts of tricks.
Campbell, Alexander. Letters and papers, 1859 - 1870. Auckland War Memorial Museum Library. MS 50

July 1st. The morning was fine but no wind. Here we are between the tropics and equator with the sun nearly directly above our heads. The heat is oppressive. You will think when I tell you that it melted the pitch out of the decks in some places. As we were nearly at a standstill the boats were lowered and a few passengers with sailors rowed off a mile or two where some of them bathed and then retuned all safe back again bringing with them what is called Portugese man of war. It is nearly like a blue coloured bladder but they tell me that they have a splendid appearance as they sail erect on the water and a number of small fishes attend them called pilot fish. Several very large flag fish appeared close to our stern about noon. One of the boats went off with the captain and a few gents who rowed round the ship to view her majestic appearance as she waited with spread sails for the salubrious breeze which bore us slowly on towards night.
Booth, Thomas. Papers, 1857 - 1859. Auckland War Memorial Museum Library. MS 2002/56

30 June 1859

30th. A fine morning and a good breeze. About six this morning a flying fish was caught somewhere on deck.
Booth, Thomas. Papers, 1857 - 1859. Auckland War Memorial Museum Library. MS 2002/56

29 June 1859

June 29. Made the Tropic of Cancer. Sudden squalls frequent in the tropics. A passenger went up the rigging: when the sailors up after him, tied him there, and he was released on paying the usual fine, a bottle of grog.
 Campbell, Alexander. Letters and papers, 1859 - 1870. Auckland War Memorial Museum Library. MS 50


29th. This morning was fine with a good breeze making about 10 knots. Considerable unpleasantness exists between the captain and his men. He wants to put them extra hours although no bad weather to need it. The men stand out and beat him but mark this, they having pledged themselves to obey orders they do not directly refuse but say it is too much, we cannot do it. The Boatswain who was working his passage receiving his share of abuse in the past disturbance afterwards as per agreement he claimed five pounds per month wages.
Booth, Thomas. Papers, 1857 - 1859. Auckland War Memorial Museum Library. MS 2002/56

28 June 1859

June 28. A notice was put on the cow house that we should be off the Western Islands tomorrow when Mr Hughes, a saloon passenger, would go ashore in a boat and would be glad to post any letters or undertake commissions to purchase oranges etc. Many set about writing but it turned out a hoax. The “Tornado Times” and “Tornado Telegraph” published weekly brought to an end by the Captain tearing down one of the manuscripts from the cow house. The passengers all displeased at him as a good deal of amusement was got from the Lolograph Press.
 Campbell, Alexander. Letters and papers, 1859 - 1870. Auckland War Memorial Museum Library. MS 50

 28th. As we turned out from our berths we were welcomed by a fine morning after having been well rocked all night but our speed is good having run it is said 14 or 15 knots or miles per hour and today about 12. It is worth remark that some of the sailors say they never went so far into the Atlantic without having to reef sail but this time our ship as carried all the sail she could put up about 30 in all. We see how a special providence has attended us, The Lord graciously answering the earnest heartfelt and believing prayers of our dear friends who have besaught him on our behalf. What but god's blessing could enable us who were unaccustomed to seafaring life to bear so well all the changes of diet, air, food etc connected with a voyage across the Atlantic and especially Friend Manners who could never in his past life endure the shortest sea voyage without being sick nearly all the way has not up to this time had a days sickness. Indeed the whole ship is a marvel and proved ever since we came on board. The weather has been all favorable. For the first fortnight we had fine sunny days with steady and pleasant breeze. Stronger breeze came at god's bidding, filling our sails and bearing us on with double the speed we had run before. Again has we approach the Tropical region where it is exceptionally hot God curtains the heavens with clouds and fans us with stronger breezes thus ruling the elements and making all conducive to our health and comfort. May we never forget his mercy and goodness.
Booth, Thomas. Papers, 1857 - 1859. Auckland War Memorial Museum Library. MS 2002/56

27 June 1859

June 27. Got into NW trade winds. Weather fine. At night there was dancing on the poop. The Captain with a lady led off in a jig.
Campbell, Alexander. Letters and papers, 1859 - 1870. Auckland War Memorial Museum Library. MS 50.  

27th. A very fine morning but we are not getting on very fast. The air is sultry but a few drops of rain has made it better and in the afternoon about 4 o'clock, a fresh breeze filled our sails and our gallant ship bounded over the foam crested billows at a cheerful rate and as we were expected to catch the North East trade winds we receive this as an agreeable sample (these winds are said to blow one way for some time without changing much). We have seen a small tortoise and some flying fish. These are about the size of a common herring but seldom fly very far at once.
Booth, Thomas. Papers, 1857 - 1859. Auckland War Memorial Museum Library. MS 2002/56.

26 June 1859

26th this is a fine morning but the wind having died away during the night we make slow progress but improved a little in the evening. The parson preached this morning and before his afternoon service our class meeting was held and in the evening Bro. Manners preached on the forecastle on the nature and effects of saving faith. The seamen and passengers paid the best attention. This was the largest congregation I have seen at divine worship. Some party was heard to say that such preaching aught not to be stopped as it was calculated to benefit the whole ship.
Booth, Thomas. Papers, 1857 - 1859. Auckland War Memorial Museum Library. MS 2002/56

25 June 1859

25th. This morning the weather is very fine and we are bounding away before a merry breeze at about ten knots per hour and sails very steady. Some appear in high spirits from the fact that we are getting on so well.
Booth, Thomas. Papers, 1857 - 1859. Auckland War Memorial Museum Library. MS 2002/56

24 June 1859

24th. A pleasant morning and a fair steady breeze. We are said to be getting on something better than latterly and at bed time we run very nicely and at a good speed. Our journey appears to be shortening nicely which is animating in its influence to all who feel the inconvenience and scanty privileges of an overstocked emigrant ship and leads some to sigh after the liberties and pleasures they left behind, while others wish for a swifter wind to speed them safely to the shore of their future home. The heat at this stage of our journey is thought to be about the same as in England but I think the night air is not so cold.
Booth, Thomas. Papers, 1857 - 1859. Auckland War Memorial Museum Library. MS 2002/56.

23 June 1859

23rd. A very fine morning and a nice light breeze wafting us pleasantly along. During last night we were expected to pass what is called the western islands but I suppose at a great distance but news of this sort is scanty. One of our cooks got drunk and narrowly escaped being put into irons. This case is attributable to some passengers getting extra cooking done and paying them with drink. The captain spoke strongly on this subject saying that if passengers were detected in such conduct they were liable to be put in irons to the end of the voyage. Another case of drunkenness of a second class passenger occurred a night or two ago of a beastly dirty order. He messed his breeches and in finishing up the scene rubbed it over his poor wife's face. A fine picture is it not.
Booth, Thomas. Papers, 1857 - 1859. Auckland War Memorial Museum Library. MS 2002/56.

22nd June 1859

22nd. A fine morning but we were rocked about most of the day. Towards the night the breeze improved and we sailed more steady and a few heavy clouds indicated coming rain but it was only a shower. It was the first we have had by day and only once a shower by night since we left Liverpool so you will see that providence in sending us fine weather has added much to our comfort.
Booth, Thomas. Papers, 1857 - 1859. Auckland War Memorial Museum Library. MS 2002/56.

21 June 1859

21st. A nice fresh breeze blows this morning and we make moderate progress. Towards sunset, a few dark clouds hung about us but no particular change except the unsteadiness of the breeze which causes the ship to roll very much, upsetting the forms and the crockery or anything that was left loose. Some of us have work enough to keep right end up.
Booth, Thomas. Papers, 1857 - 1859. Auckland War Memorial Museum Library. MS 2002/56.

20 June 1859

On the 20th there was an addition to our numbers, one of the passengers having given birth to a son.
Our Voyage to New Zealand Per the Tornado (by a Glasgow Emigrant) Glasgow Herald December 19, 1859 

 June 20. Mrs. Baird [Beard] had a son - afterwards called Alexander Aitken Tornado Baird [Beard].
 Campbell, Alexander. Letters and papers, 1859 - 1870. Auckland War Memorial Museum Library. MS 50.

20th. Very calm and fine all day. A breeze came towards night and she made (...illegible) headway. From about 9 until 10 tonight we had dancing (...illegible) poop (this is above the saloon and not for common people) and it was said that the captain took part in it. And I heard him encouraging them to dance on the main deck. No wonder at him disliking much preaching. About twenty minutes before three this morning there was a birth on board and we are glad to say both are doing well. The boy was named Alexander Aitken Tornado Beard.
Booth, Thomas. Papers, 1857 - 1859. Auckland War Memorial Museum Library. MS 2002/56.

Friday, July 26, 2013

19 June 1859

June 19 - A nice little girl, who, with her parents, came in the Princess Royal from Glasgow, along with us, fell through one of the hatches on the quarter-deck into the intermediate - a descent of nearly twenty feet - but, happily, having fallen on her feet, she sustained but slight injuries, and I was glad to see the little thing running about the same as usual in a couple of days afterwards.
Our Voyage to New Zealand Per the Tornado (by a Glasgow Emigrant) Glasgow Herald December 19, 1859

19th. This morning was dull and cool but fine. The breeze continues at a steady rate. In the afternoon not so good a breeze. This morning we held a prayer meeting on deck. All went well except that our Wesleyan friends were very nervous and asked for the meeting to be closed without their exercising. After dinner we held a class meeting in our mess room but was again interrupted by the Captain's order. In the evening we commenced singing again and in a few minutes the Captain came and in a very dogardly way ordered us to desist. At this Hayter who was giving out the hymn asked for a reason for his conduct, reminding him also that he had in private given us permission. He gave
no reason save that we have already had two services from the churchman and he thought if one was not plenty no number would do. That is a poor lean sickly soul who only wants one meal in a week.
Booth, Thomas. Papers, 1857 - 1859. Auckland War Memorial Museum Library. MS 2002/56.

18 June 1859

18th. This morning was very fine but a dead calm prevails. Not the lightest waft of a breeze is felt to disturb the glassy surface of the mighty Atlantic. Towards sunset there was a gentle breeze but very light. During this calm we have not seen a sail or anything to keep our company. We are all alone on this Great Bason of waters bounded only by the lowering skirts of the distant horizon.
Booth, Thomas. Papers, 1857 - 1859. Auckland War Memorial Museum Library. MS 2002/56.   

17 June 1859

17th. This was a fine morning but a dead calm. Friend Manners and me sitting together about six o'clock we saw a number of porpus pigs. After breakfast we were ordered on deck and the Captain asked permission to make a general search in order to discover the whereabouts of a thief who was said to have broken open a box and stolen a quantity of wearing apparel, the property of a fellow passenger. A due search was made but no traces were found either of the missing articles or the arram thief. This evening all the dancers seemed wild for dancing. It was carried on for about an hour in an uproarious manner and commingling of stamps, yells and shouts were exhibited in a very boisterous manner by both the passengers and the crew to the grief and disgust of every sober thinking mind.
Booth, Thomas. Papers, 1857 - 1859. Auckland War Memorial Museum Library. MS 2002/56.  

16 June 1859

16th. This morning it was very dull with a nice breeze but in the afternoon finer weather except a dead calm which continued up to bedtime. The sailors were merry singing songs and some party began to dance about bedtime but it soon ended. We sat day sung the praises of amidst the confusion that pre (?) cheerful and busy as a fair. Each trying to enjoy themselves on their own and all going on at the same time and in the same place so awful discord but there is no going into another street.
Booth, Thomas. Papers, 1857 - 1859. Auckland War Memorial Museum Library. MS 2002/56. 

15 June 1859

The next day [15th] an American brig passed very near to us, with the stars and stripes flag flying. She was answered with "the flag that's braved a thousand years the battle and the breeze", which was run up, down and up again, when down came the stars and stripes, quick as lightning.
Our Voyage to New Zealand Per the Tornado (by a Glasgow Emigrant) Glasgow Herald December 19, 1859


15th this morning we are said to be making good headway along the north Atlantic Ocean. A fine steady breeze all day. Today we had some regulations given by the purser about going to him for our stores. Now according to Act of Parliament they are bound to hand them out daily and in a cooked state but instead of this we were once a (..illegible) some(?) part on Monday and the rest on Tuesday. The (...illegible) our rations comes (?) next morning and might (...illegible). Dinners as follows: Monday Preserved beef and peas; Tuesday pork and peas soup; Wednesday beef and rice always boiled; (...illegible) meat and boiled flour pudding with suet and currants in (...illegible) and preserved potatoes. Saturday pork and peas soup and a (...illegible) our cold meat and a boiled flour pudding. The Bas(...illegible) if you ask where did we we get our Barm I can answer after making our bread a piece of the dough was (...illegible) Baking Day we put water to dissolve it and then (...illegible) sugar and carbonate soda. This was our substitute (...illegible).
There appeared on the cow house a manuscript newspaper called the Tornado Times and Midatlantic Advertizer. Edited by two or three fops who appeared as if desirous to convert into nonsense the sayings and doings of most around them but who evidently failed to display anything particular except their own want of manliness and good common sense. But as their was always torn down it soon ceased to be. Another called the Telegraph succeeded it with great personal pretensions but after two or three unsuccessful attempts it disappeared from the stage.
I should have said also that the purser put out a list of things for sale. Bacon (?) ham 1-6 per pound. Bottled ale 1s each. Porter 1s each. Gin 3-6 each. Whiskey 3-6 each.
Booth, Thomas. Papers, 1857 - 1859. Auckland War Memorial Museum Library. MS 2002/56.

14 June 1859

On the 14th we spoke the Old Dominion of Richmond. We bore dow on her, and our captain hailed her with "Ship ahoy! What ship is that?" "The Old Dominion." "Where are you for?" "The Bristol Channel; what ship are you?" "The Tornado; will you be good enough to report the Tornado from Liverpool for New Zealand?" "Yes." "Thank you" - and with this, the ships separated.
Our Voyage to New Zealand Per the Tornado (by a Glasgow Emigrant) Glasgow Herald December 19, 1859


 June 14. Spoke the “Old Dominion” for the Bristol Channel.Two stowaways discovered among the sails. Captain set them to work.
Campbell, Alexander. Letters and papers, 1859 - 1870. Auckland War Memorial Museum Library. MS 50.


14th This morning the wind is still good. The rolling of the ship has made some passengers look rather sickly but nothing we expected it to be. About one o'clock we passed a ship, the Old Dominion bound for the Bristol Channel. Who engaged to report our ship. The main was rather unsteady but improved again the the evening so we got safely over the Bay of Biscay with nothing worse than being rocked about a little.
Booth, Thomas. Papers, 1857 - 1859. Auckland War Memorial Museum Library. MS 2002/56.

13 June 1859

Two stowaways were found; they had hid themselves in some corner of the ship, with a view of obtaining a free passage.
Our Voyage to New Zealand Per the Tornado (by a Glasgow Emigrant) Glasgow Herald December 19, 1859


June 13. Purser put up the following notice as to provisions, cooking etc. Monday. Preserved meat & pres. potatoes. Tuesday. Pork and pea soup. Etc.etc.etc

Campbell, Alexander. Letters and papers, 1859 - 1870. Auckland War Memorial Museum Library. MS 50.


13th. The morning is fine but the breeze is very light so we make slow progress. We saw the cape clear and sailed out of the Irish channel into the Bay of Biscay about 6.30. The wind came merrily and continued at a good rate.
Booth, Thomas. Papers, 1857 - 1859. Auckland War Memorial Museum Library. MS 2002/56.

12 June 1859

On Sunday we had Divine Service a l'Anglais, but found the preacher difficult to follow, as he was often interrupted by the crowing of the cocks on board, for so soon as one had finished his cock-a-doodle-doo, the note was taken up by another, and repeated until it had gone the round of all the hen coops. About an hour after a peculiar noise was heard below. On investigation it was found to proceed  from a party of Methodists or Ranters who were having service after their own manner. I did not go down among them, but stood beside a hatchway where I could hear the person who was officiating, when his voice was not drowned by those of his hearers with their responses of "Aye, aye," "No, no," etc which certainly did appear somewhat ridiculous to my perhaps prejudiced mind.

Our Voyage to New Zealand Per the Tornado (by a Glasgow Emigrant) Glasgow Herald December 19, 1859 


June 12. Weather fine and calm. Divine service on board. Rev. Mr. Foster Church of England officiated.

Campbell, Alexander. Letters and papers, 1859 - 1870. Auckland War Memorial Museum Library. MS 50.

12th Whit Sunday. This day was remarkably fine. In the morning it was dead calm but shortly the breeze filled our sails and we got on nicely most of the day. The several services of home engaged our conversation mostly. This morning we should held a class but there appeared neither the time nor place for so doing. About half past ten a clergyman put on his surplus and mounted the poop deck and read a great many prayers, collects psalms and lessons after which he gave us a short sermon of only moderate composition and very badly read. After dinner we held a prayer meeting and our place being under the saloon we disturbed them at their dinner and the Captain sent orders for us to desist and we gave up proposing to speak to him about it afterwards. And in the evening being late before tea was over no service could be held.

Booth, Thomas. Papers, 1857 - 1859. Auckland War Memorial Museum Library. MS 2002/56.

11 June 1859

The tug left us about mid-day of the 11th, off Holyhead.

Our Voyage to New Zealand Per the Tornado (by a Glasgow Emigrant) Glasgow Herald December 19, 1859


June 11. Steam tugs both left us, the last one at noon after having exchanged cheers.

Campbell, Alexander. Letters and papers, 1859 - 1870. Auckland War Memorial Museum Library. MS 50.
(..illegible) 2 o’clock we had a gentle breeze improved after (...illegible) very nice at sea to watch the sun go down behind (...illegible) white clouds which look like mountains of snow (..illegible) fringes of crimson fire. Well might david say the (..illegible) the Glory of God and the firmament showeth his handywork. This evening we are said to pass about fifteen (..illegible) place where a ship was wrecked 2 or 3 weeks (...illegible) what a mercy we are sailing so pleasantly.

Booth, Thomas. Papers, 1857 - 1859. Auckland War Memorial Museum Library. MS 2002/56.

Thursday, July 25, 2013

10 June 1859

Friday, 10th. After a very unsatisfactory rest, I got up about four o'clock. There was nothing particular going on, but tugs coming and going between the vessel and the shore, which they continued doing all day. About one o'clock the emigration agent came on board, and we all had to appear before him. While at dinner a person I took for a missionary came around and intimated that, so soon as we were finished, there would be Divine service on board. Not knowing when we might have another opportunity, we attended it. The discourse appeared to me very good and impressive, and caused me to think more charitably of the man than his appearance led me to do at first. When he had finished his sermon, he said

"Before closing, I wish to mention that I intend, in a little publication (the Forget-Me-Not) with which I am connected, to give an account of my visit to the Tornado and the services and sermon I have delivered here. I shall also give an account of the vessel, the names etc of the captain and officers on board, which will, no doubt, be very interesting to all the friends you have left behind. Of course I cannot do all this at my own expense, but shall do so at yours; and any of you who wish may send a copy of the Forget-Me-Not to your friends will have an opportunity of doing so by handing me the names and addresses of those friends you may wish them sent to, with fourpence for each copy, and I shall have much pleasure in attending to your orders."

 This I thought savoured rather of Mammon. We were towed out to sea in the evening, and about midnight we were awakened by some one loudly roaring out "Murder". I jumped up hurriedly to ascertain what was ado, and tore the skin off my fingers in trying to open our berth door in the dark. When I got out I found the noise was caused by a poor fellow labouring under the attack of nightmare.

Our Voyage to New Zealand Per the Tornado (by a Glasgow Emigrant) Glasgow Herald December 19, 1859


June 10. Passengers all on board. Sermon preached before parting by the Liverpool Bethel preacher, Rev. Mr Bluck. Paid him four pence to send home a copy of the “Forget Me Not” newspaper published by him. Left the Mersey in the evening with two steam tugs. Beautiful night. Passengers retired to bed early.

Campbell, Alexander. Letters and papers, 1859 - 1870. Auckland War Memorial Museum Library. MS 50


This was a busy day shipping the remaining part of passengers luggage and ship stores for the voyage. In the forenoon The Government inspector came and examined our contract tickets and a doctor eyed us over to see if we were all right and a city missionary gave us some books and after dinner preached a very good sermon and promised to take an account of the ship to our friends in his paper called the Forget-me-not. I received a letter from Bentley and in the evening about half past six we weighed amidst the merry shouts of the sailors (...illegible) steam tug was towing us out into the mighty deep.

Booth, Thomas. Papers, 1857 - 1859. Auckland War Memorial Museum Library. MS 2002/56.

7- 9 June 1859

"On the 7th of June 1859 we left Glasgow per the Princess Royal for Liverpool where we arrived the following morning. There were several parties on board who we soon ascertained were bound for the same destination as ourselves and along with them got our luggage carted to the Tornado, which was only done after considerable trouble and annoyance. Afterwards, on the recommendation of a fellow passenger, we put up for the night at the "Crooked Billet". The next day we went on board the Tornado, and were towed out of dock in the evening to the middle of the harbour. My sensations during the night were anything but pleasant. I naturally felt somewhat melancholy at parting from the kind friends who had accompanied us from Scotland, and could get no sleep on account of the singing, loud talking etc of the different passengers. Towards morning there was a lull, and I was just about falling over, when I was aroused by someone calling out "Is there a John Fiddles* (or some name of that sort) among the passengers?" After the question was repeated two or three times, it was answered in the affirmative and someone went forward when the following colloquy took place:
"Are you Mr Fiddles?"
"Yes"
"Well Mr Fiddles, allow me to have the pleasure of introducing your wife to you"
Here there was a general guffaw, amidst which Fiddles returned to his berth with his spouse who, we supposed, he had been going to "bilk" for good and all."
 *There was no John Fiddles on board, so I am not sure which of the passengers was trying to abscond without his wife....

Our Voyage to New Zealand Per the Tornado (by a Glasgow Emigrant) Glasgow Herald December 19, 1859


"June 9 Embarked. Left Queens Dock at 1/2 past 2 and cast anchor in the river."
Campbell, Alexander. Letters and papers, 1859 - 1870. Auckland War Memorial Museum Library. MS 50.

"June 9th 1859 We left Doncaster by the GW railway ten minutes before seven amidst the tears and good wishes of a vast concourse of members. Relatives and friends who at that early hour had met at the station to give us their parting blessing. We make no attempt at describing our feelings or what was felt by those from whom at that memorable hour we parted perhaps to meet no more below. Accompanied by Bros. Wadsworth  and Marshall with Messers Atock and Arnold we arrived in Liverpool about half past eleven. With a great bustle all luggage was got down to the Queens Docks and after finding our berth which were all marked out in readiness shipped our boxes and then hurried back to procure a few utensils for our outfit. After our return to the ship we partook our first meal on board ship. We moved out of dock about four o'clock and anchored in the Mersey. As bedtime drew on we sang “When I Can Read My Title Clear” in which some of the passengers joined and drew up and listened with apparent interest. After which (illegible) inspected (?) (illegible)"
Substantial parts of this page have been torn off and so can't be read.
Booth, Thomas. Papers, 1857 - 1859. Auckland War Memorial Museum Library. MS 2002/56.

Advertising for the Tornado

This piece extolling the virtues of the Tornado appeared in many newspapers including the Salisbury and Winchester Journal May 21, 1859.

Sussex Advertiser April 19, 1859 Advertisment for Emigrants to New Zealand via ships of the White Star Line

Sussex Advertiser April 19, 1859

NEW ZEALAND. - The favour in which these colonies stand in public estimation is best shewn by the fact of the large emigration now going on, while there has been a decided check in the Australian exodus. Auckland, the granary of these beautiful islands is the principle point of attraction, and thousands are availing themselves of the land grants so liberally provided for intending settlers. Messrs Wilson and Chambers fine clipper ship "Tornado", starting from Liverpool on the 10th of June, for Auckland and Wellington, offers very superior accomodation for all classes of passengers; her between decks are nearly nine feet high and beautifully lighted and ventilated. We understand that there has been a very large enquiry for accommodation in the Liverpool ships on account of their well known punctuality of sailing, and the splendour and efficiency of these world clippers.

New Zealand - Its Colonisation and Trade

From the Wellington Independent, Volume XV, Issue 1359, 30 August 1859:

A considerable number of years have elapsed since the public attention was first roused to the importance of colonising, in set form, the valuable British possession of New Zealand. This was occasioned by the favourable reports made of the country and climate by parties of judgement and credibility who had visited and partially explored some points of the three islands of which the colony consists. The reports referred to led to more than one attempt at systematic colonisation, all of which, though more or less successful, nevertheless contained also the seeds of disappointment, not with the country or its climate, but, generally speaking, rather with the peculiar theories on which most, if not all, of the systems were based....
To carry out the object on which the Colonial Legislature and Government were bent, they turned their consideration towards the best means of so disposing of the land which they had purchased from the natives, as would induce an influx of intelligent and industrious mechanics, artizans, labourers, agriculturists, and men of moderate or small capital. To effect this they have passed a law which has received the sanction of the British Crown, by which they propose to sell tracts of land containing four or five hundred acres at the small price of ten shillings per acre, payable in such ways as are highly favourable to the intending purchaser. More than this, however, the law also provides for the bestowal of forty acres of land as a free grant to each adult emigrant, who, previous to leaving Great Britain, shall be considered eligible... More than what has been already stated, an additional free grant of twenty acres of land will be given to each child under 18 years of age belonging to parents who receive the forty acres....
From the long-established fame of Liverpool as the great emigration port of the British Kingdom, it has excited remark that she has been comparatively remiss in organising a systematic means of carrying on the passenger trade between Great Britain and New Zealand. This apparent apathy, however, has been only seeming. The eyes, and ears, and judgement of Liverpool shipowners have been turned to the subject, with that calm amount of enquiry and keenness of scrutiny which at all times mark the undertakings of prudent men. After that maturity of deliberation which the importance of the subject demands, and not without some hesitation, Messers. H T Wilson and Chambers, owners of the renowned "White Star" fleet of Australian clippers, have made up their minds to adopt New Zealand as one of their points for Colonial intercourse. With that energy and enterprise which are characteristic of all their undertakings, these gentlemen, ... have gone boldly into the matter, and announced their determination to dispatch one of their noble "White Star" clippers on the 10th of each month, for Auckland and Wellington. The pioneer ship of the New Zealand line of "White Star" clippers was the Tornado, Captain Aitken, which sailed on the 10th instant, taking out 285 passengers, of whom the following is a list, viz: -
SALOON (35 passengers):
  • Mr and Mrs Mansford and family
  • Mr and Mrs Croker and family
  • Mr A. Durall
  • Mr and Mrs Graham
  • Mr and Mrs Knight and family
  • Mr and Mrs G D Lefoy and family
  • Mr and Mrs Carr and family
  • Rev. Mr and Mrs Foster and family
  • Miss James
  • Messers F and P Duke, Hughes and Stewart
SECOND CABIN (70 passengers):
  • Mr Young and family
  • Mr Cruickshank and family
  • Mr Dickson and family
  • Mr and Mrs Hindley and family
  • Mr and Mrs McCullagh and family
  • Mr Philpot and family
  • Mrs Craigh and family
  • Mr Lindsay and family
  • Mr and Mrs Anderson and family
  •  Mr and Mrs Donaldson and family
  • Mr Johnson and family
  • Mr and Mrs Huston
  • Mr and Mrs  Hough
  • Mr Ellett
  • Mrs Dransfield and Miss Wilks
  • Messers W H Fouracre, Ellett, Aspinall, Hanfield, Sharp, Marsh, Kayll, Boury, Wallace, Redfern, Thackleton, Dalziel, Carr, Spencer, Mason and Shufton
INTERMEDIATE & STEERAGE (174 passengers):
  • Mr and Mrs Harris and family
  • Mr and Mrs Sinclair and family
  • Mr and Mrs Masters
  • Mr and Mrs McPherson and family
  • Mr and Mrs Coxon
  • Mr and Mrs Green
  • Mrs Maude and family
  • Mr and Mrs Manners and family
  • Mr and Mrs Hayter, family and friends
  • Mr and Mrs Booth and family
  • Miss Clarkson
  • Miss James
  • Messers Morgan, Smithson, Oldham, Milne, Clarkson, Hanson, Gray, Moffat, Craig, Jones, Brown, Moore, Fox, Clarkson, Baker,Moore, Greenfield, Fenton, Shortliff, Powell, Clarke, Glennie, Harris and Whitford
  • Mr and Mrs Gason and family
  • Mr and Mrs Gibbons and family
  • Mr and Mrs Beard and family
  • Mr and Mrs Fulljames and family
  • Mr and Mrs Burley and family
  • Mr and Mrs Gunson and family
  • Mr and Mrs Madden and family
  • Miss Foley
  • Mr and Mrs Spittle and family
  • Mr and Mrs Holdsworth
  • Mrs Bramley and family
  • Mr and Mrs Charnock and family
  • Messers Rowland, Campbell, Smith, McDonald, Fortune, Booth, Cromie, Hill, Reed, Hemer, Dawson, Dyter, Law, Ebery, Moulson, Arnold, Cottor, Herbertson, Atkinson, Williamson, Scott, Faulkner, G and T McLaren, Martin, Walker, Smith, Turner, Gunson, Rushforth, Shuttleworth, Maddeu, W and P Whately, W and T McLellen, Rutherford and Daly
  Besides the great number of passengers above-named, the Tornado took out between 800 and 900 tons of goods.... Arrangements have also been made by Messrs H T Wilson and Chambers for the monthly despatch of some one of their picked ships of from 1100 to 1400 ton register, the days of sailing advertised being in every instance strictly adhered to. This punctuality must be a matter of great importance and benefit for intending emigrants, as a dependance on that punctuality relieves them of the cost, anxiety, and risk inseparable from remaining for a number of days in a large town in the midst of strangers and exposed to temptations which are in every instance better avoided than braved or even conquered.


Thursday, July 18, 2013

The letter that started my journey

I was very fortunate early in my family history research to be sent copies of letters written by my GG grandfather, Samuel Harris about his life in early New Zealand. It was even more fortunate that his first letter described his family's journey to NZ on the clipper ship the Tornado. Without this letter, I would never have known which ship they travelled on as they appear on the passenger lists as "Mr Harris, Mrs Harris and Harris children (3)".

However, it was the details of the voyage that really grabbed my attention. Finding out that the ship that carried your ancestors nearly ran aground due to the inattention of a drunk captain was quite intriguing:

Freemans Bay, Auckland, October 22 1859

Dear father and mother

I have sent a few lines trusting they will find you all in good health as it leaves us at this time we landed in Auckland on the 27th of Sept. We had a passage of 100 and 6 days. We had a middling passage and should have had but for the blunders that our drunken captain and if it had not been for our worthy mate we should never have seen New Zealand and we made him a present of a purse of 32 pounds as a testimonial for his care and watchfulness during the voyage. His name is Mr Carmichael and the captains name is Aitken and he was a tyrant. On the 11 of July at 8 o’clock in the morning we crossed the line. On the 12th the sailors had a holiday and had a game of what they call shaving all sailors that have not crossed the line before. They tar their faces and scrape it off with a piece of hoop iron. We had three stowaways concealed amongst the sails and they had to be done also. On the 16th Saturday at 1 o’clock in the morning, great consternation, breakers ahead of Cape Rogue South America the ship running hard upon them. Mate acted with great calmness and judgement, great fault found with the captain and much dissatisfaction amongst all the passengers. Captain and mate after this time continually quarrelling through interference of cabin passengers. Ships books and instruments made accessible to the mate. No one had any confidence in the captain, all look up to the mate as a much superior officer. The white foam from the rock looked fearfull at midnight. Five minutes longer would have sent us to a watery grave. We was in sight of them all the next day. We was three weeks down that coast land locked and could not get clear. On July 18 a man passenger died. We had one and two births. Aug 14th passed 3 pekes near the island Trinadad called the Martin Vas Rocks. Aug 21st we had a terable wind wich carried away the jibbon top sail, top sail and foremast royal wich took a week to replace. After this we had not much worth notice. Dear father and mother I hope by the time I write again I shall have better news to send that I have now. Work and money is scarce. House rent and provisions are very dear. This is just the price of everything – house rent 4 rooms 12 shillings, 3 rooms 10 and 8 shillings, fire wood 12 s per ton potatoes 6s per 100, 4lb loaf 1/3, sugar 6d, bacon 1d, cheese 1s 6d, butter 1s 6d, meat 8d, milk 5d a quart, salt 2d lb, tea 4 per lb, wages 5 and 6 shillings a day, vegetables are dear and few but the tide of population that are coming in I think must give a new feature to the colony although at present the numbers coming in are too many for the place as the place is so young. It is a fine climate  no mistake. Trees that you protect in the house grow as big as large currants. Here I never saw anything like the geraniums here. I am working at the docks at present but I don’t mean to stop long as the wages are but 5s a day. So I must conclude with all our best love to you my dear father and mother. Remember us to Elizabeth and Sarah and family, John, Martha, Hannah and Mary and all inquiring friends. Trusting to hear from you but it seems a long, long wile to wait for an Answer but I hope and trust though we thousands of miles distant we shall never forget we are brother and sisters. I have nothing more to say this time. Trusting to here from you as soon as you can. Good bye and God bless you all.

Direct for S Harris
Freemans Bay
Auckland, New Zealand
I was keen to find out more about this trip that could have easily ended in disaster. I found another account of the trip online in the form of a transcription of a private letter. The writer was a little more eloquant than my Sam! Recently, I found two more diaries in the Auckland Museum library describing the voyage. I will be posting my transcriptions here. But what I am really interested in is finding out more about the people involved, especially Captain James Aitken (apparently a drunkard and a tyrant). If your relative was on this ship in 1859, as passenger or crew, I would love to hear from you.